Significant Differences In Elevation Research Articles

Leflunomide with prednisone or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug therapy is safe and tolerated for long-term treatment of immune-mediated polyarthritis in 27 dogs.

To retrospectively evaluate safety and tolerance of leflunomide for long-term treatment of canine idiopathic immune-mediated polyarthritis (IMPA). 27 dogs with clinical signs and synovial fluid cytology supportive of IMPA with ≥ 6 months' follow-up after starting leflunomide. Medical records were reviewed to identify dogs prescribed leflunomide for treatment of IMPA from February 2012 to May 2022. Initial leflunomide doses of 2 to 4 mg/kg once daily were prescribed and were titrated to the lowest effective dose with concurrent anti-inflammatory therapy. Complete blood count, serum chemistry, and clinical signs were monitored throughout the course of treatment. Adverse effects potentially attributable to leflunomide noted in 9 of 27 dogs (33%) included vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy, decreased or absent appetite, polyuria and polydipsia, and secondary antibiotic responsive infection and were self-limiting or resolved with outpatient therapy. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevation were documented in all dogs prescribed leflunomide plus prednisone, with persistent liver enzyme elevation in 6 of 9 dogs (67%) and normalization after antibiotic therapy in 3 of 9 dogs (33%). The majority of dogs prescribed leflunomide plus NSAID (11/17 [65%] dogs) did not experience liver enzyme elevation; 2 of 17 (12%) dogs developed transient antibiotic-responsive liver enzyme elevations, and 4 of 17 (23%) dogs had persistent liver enzyme elevation. Leflunomide was well tolerated for long-term management of IMPA. A significant difference in liver enzyme elevation was identified between dogs prescribed prednisone versus NSAID in combination with leflunomide. Leflunomide with NSAID therapy resulted in less hepatotoxicity compared with leflunomide with prednisone.

Geoelectric model of the exposure of basement rocks to the surface in the Uimon depression of Gorny Altay based on three-dimensional numerical modeling

In the western part of the Uimon depression of the Altai Mountains, during the 2023 field season, additional measurements were carried out using electrical tomography along three profiles to clarify the structure of the area with basement rocks exposed to the surface. During the study, the results of three-dimensional inversion were obtained taking into account new electrical tomography data, and a refined geoelectric model of the study area was constructed. To verify the resulting model, 2D and 3D numerical modeling was performed with the help of which the geometric dimensions and electrical resistivity of bedrock outcrops were justified. The influence of the daytime surface topography on geoelectric sections in mountainous regions with significant differences in elevation on the earth's surface has been shown. Determining the structure of the depressions is necessary to understand the stages of neotectonic formation of the Uimon depression and the entire region, as well as to assess the seismic hazard of the Altai Mountains. In the course of further research, it is possible to trace the object to a greater depth (~100 m) using a three-electrode electrical tomography installation or alternative equipment with an increased size of the measuring-generator cable.

Rock Glacier Inventory of the Southwestern Pamirs Supported by InSAR Kinematics

Although rock glaciers (RGs) are prevalent in the southwestern Pamirs, systematic studies on them are scarce. This article introduces the first inventory of RGs in the southwestern Pamirs, situated at the western edge of the High Mountain Asia region. The inventory, established through a combination of Google Earth optical imagery and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) techniques, encompasses details on the locations, geomorphological parameters, and kinematic attributes of RGs. A total of 275 RGs were cataloged in an area of 55.52 km2 from 3620 to 5210 m in altitude. Our inventory shows that most RGs in this region are talus-connected (213 landforms), with the highest frequency facing northeast (23%). The distribution of RGs thins from west to east and is more abundant in higher altitudes. The Shakhdara range to the south hosts a denser and more active population of RGs than the Shughnon range to the north, highlighting the influence of topography and precipitation. Overall, RGs in the southwestern Pamirs exhibit high activity levels, with active RGs predominating (58%). A comparison between active and transitional RGs showed no significant differences in elevation, temperature, and slope. Glacier-connected and glacier forefield-connected RGs demonstrated higher line-of-sight (LOS) velocities than talus-connected and debris-mantled slope-connected RGs, underscoring the significant impact of precipitation and meltwater on their activity.

Structural differences contributing to sex-specific associations between FN BMD and whole-bone strength for adult White women and men.

Hip areal BMD (aBMD) is widely used to identify individuals with increased fracture risk. Low aBMD indicates low strength, but this association differs by sex with men showing greater strength for a given aBMD than women. To better understand the structural basis giving rise to this sex-specific discrepancy, cadaveric proximal femurs from White female and male donors were imaged using nano-CT and loaded in a sideways fall configuration to assess strength. FN pseudoDXA images were generated to identify associations among structure, aBMD, and strength that differ by sex. Strength correlated significantly with pseudoDXA aBMD for females (R2 = 0.468, P < .001) and males (R2 = 0.393, P < .001), but the elevations (y-intercepts) of the linear regressions differed between sexes (P < .001). Male proximal femurs were 1045 N stronger than females for a given pseudoDXA aBMD. However, strength correlated with pseudoDXA BMC for females (R2 = 0.433, P < .001) and males (R2 = 0.443, P < .001) but without significant slope (P = .431) or elevation (P = .058) differences. Dividing pseudoDXA BMC by FN-width, total cross-sectional area, or FN-volume led to significantly different associations between strength and the size-adjusted BMC measures for women and men. Three structural differences were identified that differentially affected aBMD and strength for women and men: First, men had more bone mass per unit volume than women; second, different cross-sectional shapes resulted in larger proportions of bone mass orthogonal to the DXA image for men than women; and third, men and women had different proportions of cortical and trabecular bone relative to BMC. Thus, the proximal femurs of women were not smaller versions of men but were constructed in fundamentally different manners. Dividing BMC by a bone size measure was responsible for the sex-specific associations between hip aBMD and strength. Thus, a new approach for adjusting measures of bone mass for bone size and stature is warranted.

DETERMINATION OF THE AVAILABLE PART OF THE EARTH SURFACE TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE LANDSCAPE AND THE WIND

Modeling the movement of a body along a ballistic trajectory and determining the area of the Earth's surface that a given body can reach is an important task for researchers in various fields. Additional influencing factors – wind and air resistance – complicate calculations. The models are even more difficult to simulate a heterogeneous landscape where there are mountains and depressions and for which adjacent surface sectors have significant elevation differences. In view of this, the development of modeling methods in the specified field, which will be both fast and effective, remains relevant. The purpose of the study is to describe the structure of the data and the working principles of the model for determining the reachable area of the Earth's surface for a body thrown at an angle to the horizon. The methodological basis of the research is the computer simulation method and general scientific methods. An approach to modeling the landscape area reachable from a point by ballistic trajectories is proposed. The basis of the approach is to specify the surface in the form of a matrix, the elements of which are objects with fields of height values. A generator of discrete maps for further processing has been created. The method of calculating body launch angles optimal for reaching target points is determined. A mechanism for determining unreachable areas covered by others and a mechanism for taking into account the effect of wind on the result, which do not require long calculations, are proposed. The matrix task of the surface with height differences allows us to talk about the prospects of research - the definition of dangerous areas for the needs of various spheres of activity.

Особенности производства геодезических работ в горной местности

The authors discuss the features and problems of conducting geodetic surveys under specific mountain conditions and outline possible ways to improve the efficiency of the work. The hard-to-reach areas and significant elevation differences are the main difficulties of making measurements in the mountains. These factors negatively affect the accuracy, efficiency and cost of all surveying methods. It is stated that the most effective one of them in the mountains is that of spatial linear-angular measurements. This method enables performing entire complex of coordinate determinations using a total station only. The deviations of the plumb lines and vertical refraction decrease the trigonometric leveling accuracy and limit the field of spatial linear-angular measurements application. It is necessary to develop a technology for designing such a network in mountainous localities, which includes taking into account the influence of plumb lines deviation and vertical refraction error

Anatomic vs. reverse total shoulder arthroplasty with glenoid retroversion of at least 15 degrees in rotator cuff intact patients: a comparison of short-term results

BackgroundSevere glenoid deformity has been associated with inferior outcomes and higher complication rates in shoulder arthroplasty. In patients with intact rotator cuffs, there is no clear consensus as to whether anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty (aTSA) or reverse (rTSA) shoulder arthroplasty is the optimal implant in patients with glenoid deformities. The purpose of this study was to compare outcomes of aTSA vs. rTSA in glenoid deformities with greater than 15° retroversion. MethodsA retrospective review of a large multicenter database was conducted. All patients who underwent either aTSA or rTSA with an intact rotator cuff and glenoid retroversion 15° or greater with minimum 2-year follow-up were included. Range of motion (ROM), revisions, and patient reported outcomes (PROs) including Constant score, Simple Shoulder test, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score, University of California Los Angeles shoulder score, Shoulder Pain and Disability Index), Shoulder Arthroplasty Smart score were collected for all patients pre and postsurgery. ResultsOverall, 336 patients were included with 187 receiving an aTSA and 149 rTSA. Reverse patients overall had more comorbidities (75.0% vs. 65.1%; P = .05) and were older (70.9 ± 7.0 vs. 66.3 ± 7.7 years; P < .001). Average follow-up for the aTSA group was 62.0 ± 37.8 months vs. 40.6 ± 22.9 months for rTSA (P < .001). Preoperative retroversion in the anatomic group averaged 20.7 ± 5.5 degrees vs. 24.2 ± 7.7 in reverse patients (P < .001). Both groups demonstrated significant improvements in all PROs and ROM from pre to postsurgery. At latest follow-up aTSA patients had significantly better internal rotation scores (4.9 ± 1.6 vs. 4 ± 1.8; P < .001), external rotation (50 ± 19 vs. 38 ± 18; P < .001) and Shoulder Arthroplasty Smart scores (80.2 ± 13.5 vs. 76.6 ± 11.3; P = .017) but worse pain VAS (1.5 ± 2.3 vs. 0.9 ± 1.9; P = .016). There was no significant difference in abduction or forward elevation or PRO’s (Shoulder function, Simple Shoulder test, Constant, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score, University of California Los Angeles shoulder score, or Shoulder Pain and Disability Index). Overall revision rate (7% vs. 1%; P = .002) was higher in aTSA. ConclusionATSA and rTSA results in significant improvements in patients with glenoid retroversion equal or greater than 15°. Anatomic TSA patients have better postoperative internal rotation score, external rotation, and SAS score but demonstrated no other significant improvement in ROM or PRO. However, there was significantly higher rate of complications and revisions with short-term follow-up following aTSA.

Arthroscopic Latarjet yields better union and prevention of instability compared to arthroscopicbony Bankart repair in shoulders with recurrent anterior instability: a systematic review.

To determine whether arthroscopic Latarjet procedure or arthroscopic bony Bankart repair provide better outcomes in terms of rates of recurrent instability, non-union and complications, as well as clinical scores and range of motion. An electronic literature search was performed using PubMed, Embase®, and Cochrane databases, applying the following keywords: "Arthroscopic bony Bankart" OR "Arthroscopic osseous Bankart" AND "Arthroscopic Latarjet" OR "Arthroscopic coracoid bone block". The systematic search returned 1465 records, of which 29 were included (arthroscopic bony Bankart repair, n = 16; arthroscopic Latarjet, n = 13). 37 datasets were included for data extraction, on 1483 shoulders. Compared to arthroscopic Latarjet, arthroscopic bony Bankart repair had significantly higher instability rates (0.14; CI 0.10-0.18; vs 0.04; CI 0.02-0.06), significantly lower union rates (0.63; CI 0.28-0.91 vs 0.98; CI 0.93-1.00), and significantly lower pain on VAS (0.42; CI 0.17-0.67 vs 1.17; CI 0.96-1.38). There were no significant differences in preoperative glenoid bone loss, follow-up, complication rate, ROWE score, ASES score, external rotation, and anterior forward elevation between arthroscopic Latarjet and arthroscopic bony Bankart repair. Compared to arthroscopic Latarjet, arthroscopic bony Bankart repair results in significantly (i) higher rates of recurrent instability (14% vs 4%), (ii) lower union rates (63% vs 98%), but (iii) slightly lower pain on VAS (0.45 vs 1.17). There were no differences in complication rates, clinical scores, or postoperative ranges of motion. IV.

Spatiotemporal Trends of Extreme Temperature Events Along the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau Transportation Corridor From 1981 to 2019 Based on Estimated Near‐Surface Air Temperature

AbstractThe intensification of global warming leads to the increased frequency of extreme temperature events. Many studies have reported on numerous regions facing extreme hot and cold temperatures to some degree. In this study, the daily maximum, minimum and mean near‐surface air temperatures were estimated to explore the detailed spatial trends of extreme temperature events along the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau Transportation Corridor (QTPTC). Sixteen extreme temperature indices were used to represent extreme temperature events, and the Mann‐Kendall trend test and Sen's slope estimation method were employed to explore the spatiotemporal trends of extreme temperatures along the QTPTC during 1981–2019. The possible factors that affect the trends of extreme temperature events were also discussed, indicating that: (a) There was an exacerbation of extreme hot events, while the prevalence of extreme cold events weakened along the QTPTC. This was in accordance with the trend of global warming. (b) The trends of extreme temperature indices based on daily minimum temperature were stronger than those based on daily maximum temperature in most areas, except for the eastern region. Furthermore, as altitude increased, the amplitude of warming intensified. (c) Unlike the trend in most areas, the intensified warming trend occurred in the low‐altitude areas in the eastern region where there are more human activities and rapid urbanization, and the daily maximum temperature trend was more severe there. The results can provide references for policymakers to formulate corresponding adaptation strategies, addressing the impacts of extreme temperature events on transportation facilities with significant elevation differences.

12 The Effect of Adverse Childhood Experiences on Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form Symptom Reporting Among Adult Neuropsychological Referrals

Objective:Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) is a broad construct that refers to negative events one may experience during childhood, including, but not limited to, childhood maltreatment, household dysfunction, and trauma. ACEs have consistently shown to be associated with negative physical and mental health outcomes. Although researchers have investigated the effects of trauma and abuse on personality measures, few studies have examined differences between those with high ACEs, low ACEs, and no ACEs on measures of personality in the context of neuropsychological evaluations.Participants and Methods:The current study included 128 consecutive adult patients referred for outpatient neuropsychological evaluation of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. The sample was 39.8% non-Hispanic White, 21.9% non-Hispanic Black, 16.4% Hispanic, 10.9% Asian/Pacific Islander, and 10.9% other race/ethnicity, with a mean age of 27.9 years (SD=6.3) and mean education of 16.1 years (SD=2.2). Multivariate analyses of variance were performed to evaluate differences on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF) between individuals who experienced high levels of ACEs (&gt;4/10 on the Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire), low levels of ACEs (1-3/10), and no ACEs (0/10).Results:When analyzing Higher-Order (H-O) scales, there was a significant group difference in mean elevation on the Behavioral/Externalizing Dysfunction (BXD) scale, F(2,113)=3.124, p &lt; .05, such that individuals in the high ACEs group evidenced higher scores than those in the low ACEs group (p &lt; .05). Additionally, there were significant differences on several Restructured Clinical (RC) scales. Specifically, there were group differences on the Low Positive Emotions (RC2) scale, F(2,113)=3.427, p &lt; .05, such that those in the low ACEs group evidenced higher scores than those in the no ACEs group (p &lt; .05). The Antisocial Behavior (RC4) scale also had significant differences, F(2,113)=13.703, p &lt; .001, such that those in the high ACEs group had higher scores than those in the low and no ACEs groups (p &lt; .001). Finally, the Ideas of Persecution (RC6) scale yielded significant group differences, F(2,113)=4.793, p &lt; .05, such that those in the high ACEs group evidenced higher scores than those in the low and no ACEs groups (p &lt; .05).Conclusions:In sum, this study demonstrated that ACEs, particularly high levels of ACEs, are related to higher difficulties with problems with under-controlled and rule-breaking behaviors, low positive emotional responses, and beliefs that others pose a threat. As such, assessment of ACEs may serve an important role in characterizing patients’ psychological status as part of a comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation.

Characterization of Isolates of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin Collected from Three States of Southwest Nigeria

Beauveria bassiaana is a soil borne fungus with variations in molecular composition across varying locations. Ten isolates of B. bassiaana isolated from soil samples collected from forest sites in three States of Southwest Nigeria were characterized using morphological and molecular tools. The morphological characteristics considered were radial growth, colour of colonies, texture, shape of the spores and filaments and the relationship of the spores to the filaments.Means were separated using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test at 0.05% level of significance. DNA was extracted from the isolates and results from the OTU clustering were sequenced using ITS1 and IT4 primers. Results showed slight variation in colour of the colonies, varying from whitish cream to white, having smooth, powdery textures with colonies becoming more identical as plates extended with no significant differences in texture and elevation of the colonies. The radial growth of the isolates was fast, with complete plate cover of the 9 cm Petri dish plates within 7 days for all the isolates. Images of the conidia as viewed under the microscope at x10 and x100 magnifications were observed to possess conidiophores that have whorl and dense clusters of symphodial, short and globose conidiogenous cells with apical zigzag appearance and one celled spherical conidia that prevents any variation in colonies.   Isolate   sequences   showed a 100%   homology   to B. bassiana having molecular character variations with isolates 6, 4, 9, 3, 2 having percentage similarity of 99.86 with B. bassiana with accession no BbN06B02, isolate 5 had a percentage similarity of 90.62 with B. bassianawith accession number MW633220.198-48 and isolates 7 and 8 had a percentage similarity of 99.18 with B. bassiana with accession number AY805547.1:180-346 as represented in the dendrogramic tree. These observed variations could be utilized in biological insect pest management.

Morphometric Findings in Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Rupture Compared to Individually-Matched Controls

BACKGROUND&#x0D; The purpose of the present study was to evaluate patellar height and trochlear groove angle in individuals with and without medial patellofemoral ligament rupture for surgical reconstruction and possible clinical use.&#x0D; METHODS&#x0D; The study had a retrospective design, and included 149 people (53 females, 96 men) who were between the ages of 18 and 36 admitted to the Orthopedic Clinic of Bartın State Hospital with various complaints in knee joints and different preliminary diagnoses between January 2005 and December 2020. The study population was examined as two groups, those with and without medial patellofemoral rupture. The study included 61 patients with medial patellofemoral ligament rupture and 88 patients without medial patellofemoral ligament rupture. Patellar morphology, patellar height, trochlear morphology, and patellar alignment were measured from digital MRI images.&#x0D; RESULTS&#x0D; As a result of the study, while significant differences were detected in trochlear groove angle, there wasn’t significant differences in patella elevation (patellar height) between the groups (with and without medial patellofemoral ligament rupture).&#x0D; CONCLUSIONS&#x0D; Our study has versatile evaluation parameters, it will make a significant contribution to the literature.

Analysis of existing methods for calculating retaining walls from bored piles

An overview analysis of the methods of calculating retaining walls from driven piles was performed. Analytical calculation of piles in accordance with SNiP 2.02.03–85, calculation taking into account the requirements of change No. 1 DBN V.2.1-10-2009 on the calculation of horizontal stiffness of piles and static calculation of the section using the Lira-CAD software complex were considered, and calculation of a plane cross-section using the finite element method according to the Coulomb-Mohr model in the Plaxis 2D software complex.With population growth and the expansion of cities, the need for new residential, commercial and industrial buildings increases. Modern urbanization leads to an increase in the population density and densification of buildings. This requires the construction of multi-story buildings and infrastructure to ensure efficient use of the limited land area, construction on areas with significant elevation differences, or the construction of underground parking lots. Under such conditions, engineers increasingly have to solve construction problems in the conditions of compacted buildings, or in conditions of significant differences in the height of the building site.One of the most common engineering solutions to solve these problems is the implementation of massive retaining walls in the soil in the form of bored piles connected by a binding grid. The calculation of such structures requires special attention to the determination of the initial parameters of the considered problem and the choice of an approach to the calculation and analysis of the stress-strain state of the elements of the pit enclosure structures and the base.On the example, the calculation of the pile was performed in the engineering and geological conditions of the city of Kyiv with the same calculation parameters and different calculation methods. For the reliability of the comparison of loading results for all three cases, it was accepted according to DSTU NB V.2.1-31:2014. The obtained movements of the piles at the level of the bottom of the pit and the top of the pile were analyzed in three ways, and based on them, preliminary conclusions were formulated with prospects for further research.

Sensitivity of Vegetation Productivity to Extreme Droughts across the Yunnan Plateau, China

Extreme drought has negative impacts on the health of vegetation and the stability of ecosystems. In this study, the CASA model was employed to estimate the net primary productivity of vegetation over the Yunnan Plateau. The time-lag effects on vegetation were observed within a 0–6 month period of extreme droughts using the Pearson correlation coefficient. The resistance of vegetation during extreme droughts was quantified, and the recovery capability of vegetation following these events was analyzed using the ARIMA model. Moreover, the study investigated the response of vegetation to extreme droughts across diverse altitudinal gradients. The results showed that: (1) This round of extreme drought led to a decrease in the NPP of vegetation in the Yunnan Plateau. (2) Vegetation exhibits a 1–3-month lag period in response to extreme drought, with forests showing slower responses than grasslands and shrubs and higher resistance to the drought. Except for agricultural vegetation, most other vegetation types are able to recover their productivity within a year. (3) Vegetation above 3000 m is less susceptible to the impacts of extreme drought. With increasing elevation, forests exhibit an earlier lag period in response to extreme drought and an increase in resistance, but lower elevation vegetation demonstrates better recovery from extreme drought events. Shrub vegetation shows the highest resistance at elevations between 3000–4000 m, and shrubs at middle to high elevations have better recovery capacity than those at low elevations. Grassland vegetation exhibits increased resistance to extreme drought with higher elevation and shows better recovery. Agricultural vegetation demonstrates higher resistance at middle to high elevations, with no significant elevation differences in recovery capacity. Extreme drought events not only have a lag effect on the vegetation ecosystem, but also affect its stability and resilience to future drought events. To adapt to climate change, future research should emphasize the role of small-scale climate in vegetation’s response to drought.

Suprarenal vs Infrarenal Graft Fixation Does Not Affect Outcomes After Endovascular Aortic Aneurysm Repair in Patients with Favorable Neck Anatomy

The decision to choose an endograft with or without suprarenal fixation for the treatment of aortic aneurysm remains highly debatable. Literature to date has focused on quantifying the risk of suprarenal graft fixation on renal function. This study aims to assess the effect of graft fixation on renal function as well as other intra- and postoperative outcomes. The Vascular Quality Initiative was queried from 2012 to 2022 to identify patients undergoing EVAR for infrarenal aortic aneurysms. Patients with hostile neck were excluded (aortic neck diameter >28 mm, neck length <15, angulation >60°). Patients were stratified on suprarenal vs infrarenal graft fixation. Primary outcomes were postoperative complications and aortic reintervention. Of the patients identified, 2357 (21.1%) and 8837 (78.9%) underwent suprarenal vs infrarenal graft fixation, respectively. Patients who underwent suprarenal graft fixation were more likely to be on an aspirin (68.1% vs 63.5%; P < .001) or a beta-blocker (52.1% vs 49.5%; P = .026). Otherwise, comorbidities and medications were similar between the cohorts (Table). Suprarenal grafts were more likely to be performed electively (90.5% vs 88.2%; P = .002). On completion angiogram, suprarenal, as compared to infrarenal, graft fixation was associated with endoleak (27.8% vs 21.8%; P < .001), but there was no difference in type Ia endoleaks (2.0% vs 2.1%; P = .760). At 1 year, there was a higher reintervention rate among the suprarenal cohort (5.2% vs 3.5%; P = .003); however, there was no difference in interventions for type Ia endoleak. There was a higher rate of renal artery coverage in the suprarenal cohort (2.8% vs 1.8%; P = .001), but no difference in rate of re-intervention for renal artery stenosis/occlusion (0.4% vs 0.2%; P = .170) or difference in creatinine elevation at follow-up (0.08 ± 0.67 vs 0.06 ± 0.51; P = .43). Patients who underwent EVAR with suprarenal graft fixation were more likely to have an endoleak on completion angiogram, however, there was no difference in type Ia endoleak. As such, higher rates of reintervention seen in the suprarenal graft fixation group was not found to be driven by proximal leaks. Although renal artery encroachment and/or coverage was more commonly observed after suprarenal graft fixation, there was no significant difference in creatinine elevation, reintervention rates for renal artery occlusion or dialysis dependence. Given the equivalent outcomes, surgeon preference and experience should dictate decision to use suprarenal or infrarenal fixation in patients with favorable neck anatomy.TableDemographics and comorbiditiesVariableInfrarenal graftSuprarenal graftP valueMale7320 (82.8)1941 (82.4).581Age, years72.9 ± 8.873.8 ± 8.8.859Current smoker2725 (30.8)683 (29).082Hypertension7226 (81.8)1912 (81.1).469Diabetes1769 (20)465 (19.7).753Coronary artery disease2569 (29.1)689 (29.3).870Congestive heart failure1053 (11.9)262 (11.1).286Hemodialysis76 (0.9)15 (0.6).283Preoperative aspirin5605 (63.5)1604 (68.1)<.001Preoperative P2Y inhibitor1145 (13)288 (12.2).344Preoperative statin6214 (70.3)1704 (72.4).052Preoperative beta-blocker4373 (49.5)1223 (52.1).026Preoperative angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor4047 (45.8)1070 (45.5).744Preoperative anticoagulant1250 (14.1)312 (13.2).262Values are mean ± standard deviation or number (%). Open table in a new tab

Functional biomechanical comparison of Latarjet vs. distal tibial osteochondral allograft for anterior glenoid defect reconstruction.

Glenoid reconstruction is indicated for recurrent glenohumeral instability with significant glenoid bone deficiency. Coracoid autograft (Latarjet) and distal tibial osteochondral allograft (DTA) reconstructions have been used to successfully restore glenohumeral stability. Relative advantages and disadvantages associated with each reconstruction technique have been described. However, direct comparisons of functional glenohumeral biomechanics associated with Latarjet vs. DTA reconstruction are lacking. This study was designed to compare these 2 glenoid reconstruction techniques with respect to joint kinematics and cartilage pressure mapping using a robotic testing system. In accordance with institutional review board policies, human cadaveric shoulders (n=8) were cyclically tested in the neutral position and 90° of external rotation with 60° and 90° of abduction under a 45-N joint-compression load to measure clinically relevanttranslations, loads, and torques. Joint contact pressure maps were obtained under a 120-N joint-compression load using pressure mapping sensors. After confirming that a 25% anterior glenoid defect resulted in glenohumeral dislocation, testing was performed to compare 3 conditions: native intact glenoid, 25% anterior glenoid defect with Latarjet reconstruction, and 25% anterior glenoid defect with DTA reconstruction. Analyses of variance and t tests were used to analyze data with statistical significance set at P< .05. Significant differences in anterior translation, inferior drawer, anterior drawer, compression loads, horizontal abduction, negative elevation (adduction), and external rotation torques during cyclical testing in 90° of external rotation with 60° and/or 90° of abduction were noted when comparing the 2 different glenoid bone reconstruction techniques to native, intact shoulders. The only significant difference between Latarjet and DTA reconstructions for measured translations, loads, and torques was a significantly higher absolute maximum compressive load for Latarjet compared to DTA at 60° of abduction. Latarjet coracoid osseous autograft and distal tibial osteochondral allograft reconstructions of large (25%) glenoid bone defects prevent failure (dislocation) and are associated with significant glenohumeral kinematic differences that largely confer less translation, load, and torque on the joint in abduction when compared to the native state. These findings suggest that these 2 surgical techniques exhibit similar glenohumeral kinematics such that each provides adequate functional stability following anterior glenoid bone reconstruction. Joint compression load and articular contact pressure distribution may favor distal tibial osteochondral allograft reconstruction for treatment of large (25%) anterior glenoid bone defects associated with shoulder instability.

Safety and effectiveness of intravitreal dexamethasone implant in patients with ocular toxocariasis

AimsTo evaluate the safety and effectiveness of intravitreal dexamethasone (DEX) implant in patients with active uveitis due to ocular toxocariasis (OT).MethodsSeventy-eight patients with OT were recruited in this retrospective study,...

Опыт проектирования цифровой модели техногенно нарушенных территорий с применением околоземной аэрофотосъемки (на примере угольного разреза Кемеровской области)

The article presents the results of designing a digital model of the technogenically disturbed territories of the recultivation location of the “Taiga Field” of the Taldinskiy open pit of the Kemerovo region using near-earth aerial photography. To achieve this goal, such methods as descriptive, comparative geographical, geoinformation, and modeling methods were used. As a result of photogrammetric processing using specialized software Agisoft Metashape Professional, Credo Scan 3D and QGIS, orthophotomaps and digital terrain models were compiled. Morphometric characteristics of territories with an unplanned (relatively flat) relief of the recultivation site are determined, which are defined as experimental sites for the tasks of recultivation of the planned ecopolygon. On the basis of this, thematic map-schemes of the studied territory are constructed. The data obtained demonstrate that the territory of the experimental site is characterized by significant elevation differences. The theoretical and practical significance of the work is determined by the use of the results obtained for further prediction of the experiment during the recultivation of the ecopolygon, including the determination of morphometric characteristics of the territory with the determination of the probability of erosion of experimental sites, as well as the risk of low plant survival due to terrain features.

ГЕОДЕЗІЯ, КАРТОГРАФІЯ І АЕРОФОТОЗНІМАННЯ

The purpose of the work is to investigate the digital elevation models of the mass grave of 1944, built on the basis of aerial and cartographic data of different times. The implementation of the task involves the construction of digital elevation models (DEM) on the territory of the Jewish mass grave in the city of Vynnyky and Italian prisoners of war near the city. On the territory of the Jewish mass grave in the city of Vynnyky, a DEM was created based on a stereo pair of archival aerial images obtained in 1944 and on the basis of aerial photography from a UAV conducted in 2015. Since archival aerial photographs did not contain orientation elements, they were geometrically transformed using the ErdasImagine software. After that, the stereo pair was processed in the program Digitals, where relief elements on the territory of the mass grave were obtained. Aerial photography from a UAV on the territory of the city of Vynnyky provided the data which was processed in the Agisoft PhotoScan software. It allowed us to create an orthophoto plan and an elevation map of the city territory. Elements of relief on the territory of the mass grave of 1944 and 2015 were imported into the Surfer software environment, where 3D digital elevation models were built. Since the territory of the grave did not have significant differences in height, and the relief was quite gentle, the method of constructing the DEM of the Natural Neighbor was chosen, which gave a positive result. Analyzing the digital elevation model and the vector map for 1944, the border of the mass grave is clearly distinguished, since the height difference between its edges and the rest of the territory is from 20 to 36 cm, depending on the section of the border. The analysis of the digital elevation models and the vector map for 2015 of the territory of the mass grave determined from the aerial image of 1944 showed that the characteristic height differences on the former border of the grave are observed only in the left-right corner of the grave and on a separate section of the right border. Height difference indicators range from 15 to 20 cm. It should be noted that height differences are also observed in the rest of the territory belonging to the mass grave and outside it. This can be explained by many years of human intervention and agricultural land use. With regard to the investigation of the mass graves of Italian prisoners of war near the city of Vynnyky, the modern territory is 100% wooded, which makes it impossible to apply aerial photography. Therefore, in order to compare the modern DEM with the stereo pair of aerial images of 1944, it was decided to conduct a ground tacheometric survey of the area in 2011. Tacheometric survey data was exported to the dxf exchange format, after which it was opened in Surfer and the DEM was built. In this case, digital elevation models were built using the Kriging method, since the area where the mass graves are located is quite hilly with a significant difference in elevation. According to the digital elevation models, 54 pits with burials that have survived to this day have been identified. The scientific novelty of the work consists in the development of the concept of combining disparate data for the construction of digital elevation models and the creation of a complete picture of the study of the territory of the object of historical and cultural heritage. The received data can be used by the relevant cultural heritage preservation departments of the Ministry of Culture of Ukraine for their further study.

Growth assessment of Borinda grossa after natural regeneration in relation to environmental factors

Mass flowering of Borinda grossa occurred in 2015 in the central region of Bhutan. To assess its growth after natural regeneration, a field study was carried out in the Busa community forest (CF) located in Sephu gewog, Wangduephodrang district. A total of 39 sample plots of quadrat size 10 × 10 m were laid out in a study site of 80 hectares using systematic sampling to carry out bamboo inventory. The soil samples were collected using composite soil sampling from all the plots. Sample plots were categorized into bamboo presence and absence plots. Growth of bamboo was assessed in association with environmental factors. Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to compare environmental parameters between bamboo presence and absence plots. The result indicated significant differences in elevation, canopy cover and soil electrical conductivity. The growth of bamboo by diameter, height and count was highest in the elevation range between 2700 to 2800 m under medium canopy cover of 20 to 40% in loamy-sandy soil. Maximum number of bamboos was found in north and west facing slopes